Background of Microautophagy in Mammals Assessment
In the past two decades, the growth in our understanding of microautophagic processes has come about almost entirely from studies carried out in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the methylotrophic yeasts, Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha. These studies have provided some clues to the mechanisms of microautophagy. In contrast, few researchers have made microautophagy in mammalian cells the main focus of their studies. Microautophagy in mammalian cells is thought to be a form of autophagy that is constitutively active in the conversion of long-lived proteins, but little is known about the mechanisms and regulation of cargo selection. The lack of specific methods to directly detect microautophagy in mammalian systems, other than electron microscopy, is currently the main limitation to address its physiological role and possible contribution to specific disease states.
Fig. 1. Structural differences in yeast (A) and mammalian (B) microautophagy. (Seki T, et al., 2022)
Services
Currently, microautophagy in mammalian cells remains a puzzle in terms of mechanism, regulation and physiological significance compared to macroautophagy or even chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). At CD BioSciences, we are committed to providing comprehensive services for the identification of mammalian microautophagy to our clients worldwide. Our scientists build mouse/rat hepatocyte or cardiomyocyte model systems to analyze the number and type of lysosomal structures in microautophagy.
Microautophagy has more diverse morphological and molecular mechanisms. We offer a pioneering electron microscopy (EM) platform to observe different types of microautophagy in almost all mammalian cells.
Microautophagy in Mammalian Cells with Lysosomal Protrusion
We offer EM as the primary assay technique to observe lysosomal shape changes in mouse macrophages and rat hepatocytes, as well as to analyze lysosomal morphology in isolated rat liver incubated with Percoll particles.
Microautophagy in Mammalian Cells with Lysosomal Invaginations
The apical vesicles of the visceral endoderm in mouse embryogenesis contain lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal membrane proteins. We provide services to analyze lysosomal changes in microautophagy in apical vesicle genesis.
Microautophagy in Mammalian Cells with Endosomal Invaginations
This type of microautophagy is known as endosomal microautophagy. We offer murine dendritic cell lines and Drosophila model systems to identify and study endosomal microautophagy.
Why Choose Us
- Advanced electron microscopy techniques for monitoring microautophagy.
- Allows observation of the appearance of different sections of lysosomes undergoing microautophagy and the size of the internalized lysosomal region.
- Electron microscopy technique used in conjunction with monitoring the basal protein hydrolysis rate of long-lived proteins.
- Established useful and robust Drosophila model organisms for elucidating the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of endosomal microautophagy.
- Reconstruct realistic microautophagy processes with minimal factors.
CD BioSciences can meet any reasonable needs of our clients, taking time and budget into consideration for you. Our aim is to be customer-centric and to provide the highest quality services to customers. Our customer service representatives are enthusiastic and trustworthy 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more information or a detailed discussion.
Reference
- Seki T, Katsuki H. (2022) Mammalian microautophagy: mechanism and roles in disease[M]//Autophagy in Health and Disease. Academic Press, 385-397.