Phagocytosis is an important biological process for the elimination of intracellular pathogens. A better understanding of the mechanisms of phagocytosis-microbial interactions can help in the development of therapeutic agents, vaccines and host-directed strategies to successfully control intracellular microbes. CD BioSciences' expertise in lysosomes provides strong support for detection and quantification of microbial manipulation of phagosomal function. Our advanced technology platform will bring you efficient and economical service, ensuring your 100% satisfaction.
Interactions Between Microorganisms and Phagocytes
Eukaryotes have cellular autonomous defenses against environmental stresses and pathogens. Phagocytosis is one of the major cellular defenses against microbial infection, delivering microbes to lysosomes for degradation. In turn, bacteria employ multiple mechanisms to manipulate their host macrophages in order to survive, avoid degradation and immune recognition. Microbes manipulate phagocytosis at different stages by using multiple strategies, such as dry interference with phagocytosis initiation signals, blocking recognition of phagocytosis-associated proteins, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, affecting lysosome function, and deubiquitinating ubiquitin substrates surrounding bacteria within the cell. This mechanism of microbial manipulation of phagosome function is of great interest for providing new insights into therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases.
Fig. 1. The fate of intracellular bacteria. (Jiao Y, et al., 2019)
Microbial Manipulation of Phagosome Function Detection and Quantification Services
Many pathogens have evolved ways to prevent phagocytosis or resist its action within phagocytic cells. To investigate the potential manipulation of lysosomal function by infectious agents, CD BioSciences develops multiple techniques to analyze pathogen-phagocyte interactions. We develop detailed protocols for the analysis and quantification of altered lysosomal function following microbial infection, aiming to quantify:
- Acidification of phagosomes and established microbial vesicles.
- The contribution of lysosomal membranes and luminal contents to phagosomes.
- Hydrolytic activity of lysosomes and phagosomes, including protein hydrolysis, lipolysis and β-galactosidase activities.
- Processing of phagocytic proteins, such as histone D.
In addition, we successfully built organoid models to explore the pathogens responsible for manipulating phagocytosis.
- Deletion of entire secretion systems or individual genes followed by analysis of changes in phagocytic responses of host cells infected with WT/mutant strains.
- Similarity searches to find pathogen effectors with similar structures to host proteins.
- Detection of pathogen effectors interacting with phagocytosis-related proteins.
Our goal is to detect and quantify the microbial manipulation of phagosome function to assist your research in the fields of immunity, drug design, and infectious diseases and chronic inflammation. The detection and quantification services we provide for microbial manipulation of phagosome function include, but are not limited to:
- Assessment of the Extent of Phagosome Acidification
- Enzymatic Readouts of Phagosomal Function
- Measurement of Superoxide in Phagosomes
Advantages of Our Services
- High sensitivity.
- Can be applied to primary macrophages or macrophage-like cell lines.
- Advanced technology platform that uses fluorescent sensors to directly encapsulate microorganisms or to label particles encapsulated with pathogen virulence factors.
- Multiple morphological observations and methods for monitoring autophagic flux were used to identify multiple associated proteins in autophagy.
Our professional services for detection and quantification of microbial manipulation of phagosomal function have been well received by customers. Our highly skilled and dedicated scientific staff ensures that the most appropriate method and technology is selected for each specialized lysosomal project. If you have any special requirements about our services, please feel free to contact us. We are looking forward to working together with your attractive projects.
Reference
- Jiao Y, Sun J. (2019) Bacterial Manipulation of Autophagic Responses in Infection and Inflammation. Front Immunol. 10:2821.