Macroautophagy is an autophagic process that involves the sequestration of redundant and damaged organelles, cytoplasmic proteins, and invasive microorganisms within a double-membrane cytoplasmic vesicle. The vesicles are eventually degraded and recycled by lysosomes or vacuoles. CD BioSciences' expertise in lysosomes provides strong support for the study of lysosomal biology in macroautophagy. Our advanced systems biology computational analysis platform can complete lysosomal biology analysis in autophagy to ensure your 100% satisfaction.
Lysosome and Macroautophagy
Macroautophagy is the process by which cell contents are degraded and recycled by lysosomes or vesicles. Macroautophagy involves the isolation of a portion of the cytoplasm (including large protein complexes and organelles) within a double-membrane cytoplasmic vesicle that eventually fuses with a lysosome/vesicle to degrade its cargo. Macroautophagy is selective or non-selective and has been characterized by molecular studies of autophagy performed in yeast and other eukaryotes over the last few years. The most prominent feature of macroautophagy is the formation of double membrane-bound phagocytes and autophagosomes, and researchers often analyze macroautophagy by electron microscopy to verify macroautophagic activity. The changes that lysosomes undergo as an important factor in macroautophagy have been a hot topic of research, as well as how lysosomes eventually become substrates for macroautophagy.
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of giant autophagy in mammalian cells. (Klionsky D J, et al., 2013)
Lysosome Biology in Macroautophagy Study Services
Of the three types of autophagy, macroautophagy is the best studied. CD BioSciences is committed to providing global customers with comprehensive research services on lysosomal biology in macroautophagy. Our goal is to help you analyze lysosomal changes in macroautophagy in an easy way. Our research services for lysosomal biology in macroautophagy include:
- Analysis of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion
- Analysis of Autophagic Lysosome Reformation
- Analysis of Lysosomal Activation During Autophagy
- Analysis of Lysosomal Quality Control During Autophagy
Macroautophagy consists of several sequential steps involving isolation, translocation to lysosomes, degradation and utilization of degradation products. Each step may perform a different function. Our scientists develop process-based approaches to analyze the multifunctionality of macroautophagy.
(1) Induction of Macroautophagy
We induce autophagy through a variety of stimuli, including nitrogen starvation, carbon starvation, nutrient-deficient amino acids and nucleic acids, and sulfate starvation.
(2) Autophagosome Formation
We use cutting-edge techniques to identify autophagy-related proteins in yeast and to identify phagocyte assembly sites.
(3) Degradation of Autophagosomes
Degradation occurs when autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes (in postnatal cells) or vesicles (in yeast and plant cells). We used a method to monitor the autophagic flux for the fusion efficiency of autophagosomes with lysosomes.
(4) Utilization of Degradation Products
Our analysis of the contribution of autophagy to the reuse of these macromolecules by identifying proteins, carbohydrates and lipids is not yet clear.
Advantages of Our Services
- Macroautophagy models can be induced by a variety of strategies.
- Compared to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the study of lysosomal biology in macroautophagy is fairly straightforward.
- Providing support for drug development.
Our professional services for the study of lysosomal biology in macroautophagy have been well received by customers. Our highly skilled and dedicated scientific staff ensures that the most appropriate method and technology is selected for each specialized lysosomal project. If you have any special requirements about our services, please feel free to contact us. We are looking forward to working together with your attractive projects.
Reference
- Klionsky D J, Codogno P. (2013) The mechanism and physiological function of macroautophagy[J]. Journal of innate immunity. 5(5): 427-433.